Exhibitions, Research, Criticism, Commentary

A chronology of 3,585 references across art, science, technology, and culture

Rice University‘s Moody Center for the Arts in Houston (US) presents “Imaging After Photography,” a group show probing algorithmic bias, synthetic image-making, and photographic truth in the era of generative AI. Coinciding with FotoFest’s 40th anniversary, the show features Refik Anadol, Sofia Crespo, Trevor Paglen, and others. Nouf Aljowaysir’s Ancestral Seeds (2025) subjects British archaeologist Gertrude Bell’s photographs of the Middle East to computer vision models, exposing biases embedded in AI.

“Protecting artists doesn’t just mean excluding ‘AI content.’ It means crafting policies with enough nuance to distinguish between automation and critique, extraction and deep engagement. Otherwise, we risk eliding some of the most thoughtful and important work being made with and about these technologies.”
– Poet and language artist Sasha Stiles, on Bandcamp’s newly announced AI ban. “Many of my voiced performances are hybrid human + AI,” she explains on X. “Because of this, I’ve run into barriers releasing audiobooks and sound works on major platforms.”
“The reason why RAM has become four times more expensive is that a huge amount of RAM that has not yet been produced was purchased with non-existent money to be installed in GPUs that also have not yet been produced, in order to place them in data centres that have not yet been built, powered by infrastructure that may never appear.”
– Silicon Valley software engineer Jatin K Malik, on the speculative economics of AI infrastructure. [quote edited]
“All that stuff dumped on our screens, captured in just four letters: the English language came through again.”
– Merriam-Webster dictionary editors, on what makes ‘slop’ the defining word of 2025. They define slop as “digital content of low quality that is produced usually in quantity by means of artificial intelligence,” and note: “Like slime, sludge, and muck, slop has the wet sound of something you don’t want to touch. Slop oozes into everything.” As AI slop flooded the internet, “people found it annoying, and people ate it up.”
“Raytracing trained us to fear polygon debt, diffusion insists there is no debt at all because it siphoned centuries of artistic labour without consent.”
– Artist and filmmaker Robert Seidel, on Al Warburton’s latest Outland column, “The Render Ender.” In it, the British CGI artist and media theorist argues that generative AI has “freed the computer scientist and the GPU to calculate other trajectories—statistical, behavioural, speculative—far removed from the old cosmology of light.”
“The goal is to keep users engaged, meet message quotas, and never reveal who you really are. It’s work that demands constant emotional performance: pretending to be someone you’re not, feeling what you don’t feel, and expressing affection you don’t mean.”
– Kenyan researcher, labour advocate, and Data Labelers Association (DLA) Secretary General Michael Geoffrey Asia, on the quiet emotional labour behind AI intimacy. In his testimony, the former chat moderator sheds light on a workforce that remains invisible yet essential, the people whose emotions fuel algorithms that pretend to feel.
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“You will be shocked to learn that the AI George Washington created by Glenn Beck sounds exactly like what would happen if Glenn Beck built an AI George Washington to sound exactly like Glenn Beck.”
– Progressive media watchdog Right Wing Watch, dunking on the ideologically convenient AI rendition of the first U.S. President that the conservative political commentator ‘hosted’ on his program

Building on cyberethnographer Ruby Justice Thélot’s ARTnews meditation on AI and digital folk art creation, critic Louis Bury lists ten examples—art, books, essays—that speak to this tension in 2025. Bury’s picks include Dean Kissick’s dissection of “The Vulgar Image,” Agent 5.5’s QAnon-esque John Pork TikTok lore, artist Maya Man’s “funhouse vision of TikTok vernacular’s over-the-top banality” for the Whitney, and Nadia Asparouhova’s cult hit book Antimemetics (2025).

“Uttered like an incantation, there is no term (other than porn, perhaps) more slippery in its definition yet identifiable in its ubiquity. Slop is everywhere; everything is very sloppy now.”
Ocula Contributing Editor Aimee Walleston, on the rise of AI-generated content. Reaching back to the Zombie Formalism moment in painting, Walleston examines artists from Maya Man to Refik Anadol—distinguishing critical engagement from what she calls “schlock-slop.”
“If generative AI has done anything, it has freed the computer scientist and the GPU to calculate other trajectories—statistical, behavioral, speculative—far removed from the old cosmology of light.”
– British CGI artist and media theorist Al Warburton, on how generative AI offers “luxury photorealism without the virtual photons or pretense of accuracy.” In his Outland column, Warburton argues that “this new way of rendering complex phenomena dissolves the libidinal contract that bound generations of computer scientists (and their Renaissance precursors) to the project of optical exactitude.”

Hito Steyerl’s “The Island” deploys science fiction as a tool for critiquing the present at Milan’s Osservatorio. Threading together flood motifs—from Nobel laureate Osamu Shimomura’s research on bioluminescent plankton to a submerged Neolithic settlement off Dalmatia—the German artist’s site-specific video installation collapses “deep time and junk time” to estrange viewers from contemporary AI authoritarianism and ecological crisis.

“A society that uses automation to ‘build shareholder value’ while impoverishing everyone else will not be successful.”
– Tech publisher and pundit Tim O’Reilly, on the deeply problematic direction of the AI economy. Venture capitalists are largely to blame, he argues, observing they are “consciously whipping up a media bubble rather than fostering real growth.”
“We must teach ourselves to navigate the torrent that is replacing consensus reality, this turbulent, treacherous mediatized flow.”
– Writer Hari Kunzru, on the accelerating flood of AI-generated content. In a short essay on the state of public discourse, Kunzru argues that generative AI enables influence operations at unprecedented scale, while the collapse of shared truth has ushered in an “age of magic” where signs and symbols reshape reality—and where art may offer one of the few remaining tools for resistance.

!Mediengruppe Bitnik’s “Computer Says No” takes over the Gothic nave of Kunsthalle Osnabrück (DE) with an exploration of the “ghostly corporeality” of artificial intelligence. In the Swiss duo’s titular installation, Qwen Stefani—an AI doppelgänger of the No Doubt vocalist—delivers affective sermons on the necessity of global unity in a moment of tech fascism. The duo also updates the Simple Sabotage Field Manual (1944), offering new tactics for everyday digital resistance.

“Trump’s ICE Director wants to run mass deportation ‘like Prime, but with human beings.’”
– Amazon Employees for Climate Justice, highlighting the company’s role as a major cloud services provider to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Palantir. The open letter—signed by over 1,000 workers—demands clean energy data centres, worker input on AI deployment, and an end to collaborations with surveillance and deportation infrastructure.
“You could say that choirs already encode a ‘grammar of governance’: different parts, unequal ranges, a need for coordination, moments of tension, and an underlying commitment to making something together.”
– Art historian Nina Knaack, unpacking Holly Herndon’s suggestion that choirs are “small democracies” and an ideal microcosm for thinking about AI governance. With Starmirror (2025), on view at KW Berlin, Herndon and Mat Dryhurst created a public training ground for an AI choir model that poses timely questions about metadata, attribution, mixing, and revenue distribution.
“When I first arrived in Montreal, one of the first places my father took me was Expo 67. For me, the contrast between the old world of Milan—its historic buildings—and Montreal with Buckminster Fuller’s dome and the monorails left a profound impression.”
– Artist Marco Brambilla, namechecking geographical and architectural inspirations for his upcoming Miami show “After Utopia.” In it the Italian-Canadian artist transforms archival imagery of world’s fair pavilions spanning three centuries into idyllic virtual landscapes.
“It is a chatbot which will enable users to pose political, historical, social questions, problems of organization and tactical initiative, and receive a response which draws on the vast archive of Marxist thought.”
– American Marxist and World Socialist Web Site (WSWS) chair David North, on the forthcoming launch of Socialism AI. Trained on lefty literature and WSWS’s deep archive, it reflects and expresses the interests of the working class. “We understand the power of AI, both its reactionary but also its revolutionary potential,” North said at a public meeting in Berlin. “We are acting on the latter.”

Feral File presents its first-ever solo exhibition, Maya Man’s “StarQuest.” The American artist’s titular AI-generated video series explores the high drama world of competitive dance, processing 111 eight-second scenes through custom software that recombines them into new choreographies. At its centre is “AI default girl”—a synthetic performer for whom “visibility depends on compliance, and the image must continually regenerate itself to stay seen,” writes curator Nora O’ Murchú.

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